B.Sc. Chemistry
2nd Semester Syllabus
Select Paper in this Semester
MJC-2 (T) : Physical Chemistry: States of matter and Ionic Equilibrium
Double-tap topic to mark complete • Long-press for YouTube & AI
Unit 1: Gaseous state
◦Kinetic molecular model of a gas postulates and concept of an Ideal gas
◦Derivation of the kinetic gas equation and various gas laws
◦Maxwell's Distribution of Molecular velocities and its use in evaluating different types of molecular velocities
◦Most Probable Velocity
◦Average (Mean) Velocity
◦Root Mean Square (RMS) Velocity, and Average kinetic energy
◦Relationship between various molecular velocities
◦Law of equipartition of energy
◦Degrees of freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities
◦Viscosity of gases
◦Co-efficient of viscosity and its dependence on temperature and pressure
◦Collision frequency
◦Collision diameter and Mean free path
◦Relationship between mean free path (λ) and co-efficient of viscosity (η)
◦Calculation of collision diameter (σ) from co-efficient of viscosity (η)
◦Behaviour of real gases: Deviations form ideal gas behavior
◦Compressibility factor Z, and its variation with pressure for different gases
◦Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour
◦Equation of states for real gases
◦Van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour
◦Virial coefficients
◦Calculation of Boyle temperature
◦Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms
◦Continuity of states
◦Critical state & critical constants
◦Relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants
◦Law of corresponding states
Unit 2: Liquid state
◦Qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state
◦Physical properties of liquids
◦Vapour pressure
◦Surface tension and coefficient of viscosity, and their determination
◦Effect of addition of various solutes on surface tension and viscosity
◦Explanation of cleansing action of detergents
◦Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases
Unit 3: Solid state
◦Nature of the solid state
◦Law of constancy of interfacial angles
◦Law of rational indices
◦Miller indices
◦Elementary ideas of symmetry
◦Symmetry elements and symmetry operations
◦Qualitative idea of point and space groups
◦Seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices
◦X-ray diffraction
◦Bragg's law
◦A simple account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method
◦Analysis of powder diffraction patterns of NaCl, CsCl and KCl
Unit 4: Ionic equilibria
◦Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes
◦Degree of ionization
◦Factors affecting degree of ionization
◦Ionization constant and ionic product of water
◦Ionization of weak acids and bases
◦Dissociation constants of mono and diprotic acids
◦pH and pOH, pH scale
◦Common ion effect
◦Salt hydrolysis
◦Calculation of hydrolysis constant
◦Degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts
◦Buffer solutions
◦Derivation of Henderson equation and its applications
◦Solubility product of sparingly soluble salts
◦Applications of solubility product principle
◦Qualitative treatment of acid-base titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages)
◦Theory of acid-base indicators
◦Selection of indicators and their limitations
Reference Books:
- Atkins, P.W.; Paula, J.de.; Atkin's Physical Chemistry; Oxford University Press
- Ball, D.W.; Physical Chemistry; Cengage Learning, India
- Castellan, G.W.; Physical Chemistry; Narosa
- Kapoor, K.L.; A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 1, 6th Edition; McGraw Hill Education
- Puri, Sharma, Pathania; Principles of Physical Chemistry; Vishal Publishing Co
- Pahari, S.; Physical Chemistry Vol I & II; New Central Book Agency (P)Ltd
- Moore, W.J.; Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, Longmans Green & Co.Ltd
- Glasstone, S.; Textbook of Physical Chemistry; D. Van Nostrand company, New York